A Far Cry From The Mass-Hysteria
Media's Headline Grabbing, “WE'RE ALL GONNA DIE!!!”
Just in time for Halloween comes the
latest fright: the WHO has spoken and bacon is a killer. Now, we're
not talking about the rock group that gave us “Tommy” back in the
sixties. No, the World Health Organization is making this
proclamation (although Messrs. Townsend, Daltrey, Entwhistle, and
Moon could probably have done it with greater entertainment value).
Of course, various learned groups and individuals have been warning
us about the dangers of processed meats for years, but the scientists
who populate the halls of this prestigious Swiss-based institution
have gone so far as to include bacon, ham, hot dogs, sausage, etc. in
the same class – Class 1 – as tobacco, UV radiation, and diesel
fumes. That's serious stuff. And red meat – you know, those big
juicy steaks and chops you so love and enjoy – are in the next
class down. In the black and white eyes of the WHO, steak might
kill you and bacon definitely
will.
The thing is, this
is not the first time the WHO has issued this edict. They've been
bashing bacon, hammering hot dogs, and reviling red meat for years.
This latest hyperbolic scare tactic is just an amped-up version of
what they've already said.
To be precise, this
time the pocket protector crowd says that consuming just 50 g (1.76
oz) of processed meats per day – or 100 g of red meat – will
increase the likelihood of colorectal cancer by 18 percent. For those
of you who are metrically impaired, 50 g equates to about two strips
of bacon. And because it's a slow news week, the media is all over
it.
One of the things
the headline writers aren't adequately emphasizing, however, is the
relativity of the situation. The fact is that the average person has
only a 5% chance at developing these cancers to begin with. So if
said average person were to consume the “deadly” two strips of
bacon every day for the rest of his life, he would be increasing an
actual 5% chance by a relative 18%, thus raising his overall actual
shot at developing cancer to 6%. Granted, such an increase is still
an increase, but it's hardly a reason to declare a total moratorium
on pork products.
Which leads to the
other thing the alarmists are overlooking: moderation. Boys and
girls, I l-o-o-o-ove my bacon. But my love is limited to two or three
slices of it on a Sunday morning. If I go really wild, I might
crumble a piece over a baked potato a couple of times a month and I
might add an additional strip or two to a grilled cheese sandwich
once in a blue moon. As for other processed meats, I also enjoy a ham
sandwich now and then – one or two a week, I suppose – so I'm
probably doubling my risk to a little over half of what the WHO
considers dangerous. In short, I'm not too concerned.
What I
am concerned about is
where did these guys go to school? And were they all absent for the
discussion on "correlation does not imply causation"? Unless all
other variables are controlled
for, impossible except for in the strictest experimental
conditions. For example: It can be stated that sleeping with your
shoes on is strongly correlated with waking up with a headache.
Therefore, sleeping with your shoes on causes headaches. The problem
here is that this plays into the “correlation implies causation”
fallacy by prematurely concluding that sleeping with your shoes on
causes headaches. Was any consideration given to a third factor, i.e.
you went to bed dead skunk drunk? No? So the conclusion is false.
Kind of like, “man eats bacon. Man develops cancer. Therefore,
bacon causes cancer.”
The
big bad in all this is nitrites. I'm not usually good at quick
explanations, but here goes: A long, long time ago, man discovered
salt as a preservative for meat. The most commonly used salt for the
purpose is a naturally occurring one called sodium nitrate
(chemically NaNO3). About a hundred years ago, it was discovered that
when sodium nitrate interacts with bacteria in meat it forms a new
compound. This is sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Sodium nitrite is the
substance that protects us by inhibiting the growth of some really
bad baddies like listeria and botulinum. It also keeps the fat in
meat from going rancid. All good so far, right? It didn't take long
for food processors to eliminate the middleman and start using sodium
nitrite directly in preserving food, especially through the use of
curing salt or “pink salt” which is 6.25% sodium nitrite and
93.75% common table salt. Well, then around 1970 or so, some other
researchers discovered that when you heat up sodium nitrite in food
to temperatures above 266°,
it joins up with organic compounds called “amines” and converts
yet again into something called nitrosamines. And it's these
nitrosamines that are thought to be carcinogenic.
Still
with me? Here's where it gets really funky. All these nitrates and
nitrites and stuff don't just hitch a ride into your body on strips
of bacon and beef jerky. Nitrites are naturally occurring substances
in the human body. Your saliva, for instance, is loaded with the
stuff. Scientists say that for every kilogram (2.2 pounds) of body
weight you carry, your body naturally produces about a milligram of
nitrite. And nitrosamine formation is inhibited by the presence of
ascorbic acid – good ol' Vitamin C. Thus, the USDA limits the
amount of nitrites added to cured meats and they require all products
containing nitrites to also include vitamin C.
The real kicker is that we don't even
get most of our daily dosage of nitrate/nitrite/nitrosamine from
processed meat. Nope. Only about 6%. Around 80% of our nitrate
consumption comes from vegetables. Good old healthy celery, leafy
greens, leeks, parsley, beets and a host of other dietary delights
are packed with it because the soil they grow in is packed with it.
You know why? Because we dump tons of the stuff on fields as
fertilizer. And when you eat those nitrate-laden veggies, guess what
happens? Ding, ding, ding! The bacteria in your mouth converts the
nitrates to nitrites! Just like it does with those aporkalyptic
processed meats. Further, a recent British study found that nitrates
can actually improve cardiovascular function by thinning blood and
widening blood vessels, lessening the risk for clots and stroke. The
bottom line here is that your body doesn't differentiate between the
nitrates you ingest from meat and those you ingest from vegetables,
water, and other sources. And chemical substances in our bodies –
like Vitamin C – prevent the combination of nitrites and amines. No
combination means no nitrosamines, the scary carcinogen about which
the WHO is all exercised. But there's no “breaking news” in that,
so we get the hyped up version instead.
Does that mean you can eat a pound of
bacon for breakfast, a package of hot dogs for lunch, a slab of steak
for supper and an entire sausage for a snack and expect to be
healthy? Come on. Use a little common sense. For decades, eggs were
considered little ovoid cholesterol bullets aimed directly at your
heart. Better science now says that's not the case. But that doesn't
mean I'm going to pillage the neighborhood chickens and eat a dozen
eggs a day. I'll stick with my two scrambled on Sunday and be content
in the knowledge that they're not really going to kill me after all.
Not that I ever thought they would, but now I've got the nutrition
nerds on my side.
Dr. Andrew Chan, associate professor of
medicine at the Harvard School of Public Health, says, “The
epidemiological data supporting an association between processed and
red meats and colon cancer is very strong. There is definitely some
reason for caution about the consumption of red and processed meats.”
And then he opens the other side of his mouth and says, “It’s
pretty clear that the link between consumption of meat with cancer
appears to be dose-related. The more you eat, the higher your risk.”
He goes on to state that it is “reasonable” to continue to
include red meat in a balanced diet, provided it is done in
moderation. Even the people responsible for this latest outburst, the
researchers at the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC), have fessed up to the fact that moderation is the key. The
head honcho on the study, Dr. Christopher Wild, acknowledged the
nutritional value of meat and stopped well short of saying people
should avoid it altogether. Instead, the WHO soft-pedaled the advice
that government agencies should “balance the risks and benefits of
eating red meat and processed meat and provide the best possible
dietary recommendations.” That's a far cry from the mass-hysteria
media's headline grabbing, “WE'RE ALL GONNA DIE!!!”
Besides, as I was writing this, I
noticed that, in the face of a worldwide backlash, the WHO has
already back-pedaled on the whole affair, releasing this statement:
“The latest IARC review does not ask people to stop eating
processed meats, but indicates that reducing consumption of these
products can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer." Watching
people back-pedal in lockstep is really quite amusing.
Am I going to give up bacon, the
sublime porcine substance I have often referred to as “ambrosia”?
Not likely. In the same way that I never bought into the media-hyped
cholesterol myth that has now been so thoroughly discredited, I'm not
going to believe that Porky Pig lurks in the darkness of my colon
waiting to do me in. He hasn't done so in sixty years of consuming
slightly less than a pound of bacon a month, even with the help of
the double death-dealing whammy of fewer than a dozen eggs. And did I
mention I use real butter?! So
I will continue to exercise common sense and moderation, and, with careful
driving, I may actually make it to 90 or 100 like my mother and my
great-grandmother. (My poor grandmother only made it to 85.)
As for the WHO, maybe they should
actually consider teaming up with The Who. It would make their next
dire prediction really rock.